What is Ovarian Torsion?

Ovarian torsion, also known as adnexal torsion, is a critical condition in emergency gynecology. The twisting of the ovary around its own axis disrupts blood flow, leading to severe pelvic pain and requiring urgent surgical intervention. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz, with her expertise in women’s health, diagnoses ovarian torsion quickly and applies safe treatment methods.

What Is Ovarian Torsion?

Ovarian torsion occurs when the supporting tissues around the ovary twist around their own axis. This twist may partially or completely block the blood supply to the ovary. As a result, ovarian tissue can become damaged, and if untreated, may be lost. Ovarian torsion is most common among women aged 15–30 but can occur in all age groups.

Symptoms of Ovarian Torsion

The symptoms of ovarian torsion usually present as sudden and progressively worsening abdominal or pelvic pain. Other common symptoms include:

• Sudden, severe lower abdominal pain

• Nausea and vomiting

• Abdominal swelling or tenderness

• Fever or general fatigue (in some cases)

• Pain is usually unilateral and more evident during pelvic examination

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz evaluates these symptoms and initiates immediate diagnosis and treatment.

Causes of Ovarian Torsion

The main causes of ovarian torsion are excessive mobility of the ovary and changes in its size. Common causes include:

1. Ovarian Cysts or Tumors

• Large or rapidly growing cysts predispose the ovary to twisting

• Functional cysts and dermoid cysts are frequent causes

2. Length of Ovarian Ligaments

• In some women, ligaments are longer than normal

• Long ligaments allow the ovary to move freely, increasing the risk of torsion

3. Hormonal Changes

• Follicular growth during ovulation

• Hormonal stimulation causing ovarian enlargement

4. Previous Surgeries or Pelvic Trauma

• Adhesions and pelvic operations

• May increase the risk of ovarian torsion

Diagnosis of Ovarian Torsion

Ovarian torsion requires urgent diagnosis. The diagnostic process usually includes:

• Patient history: Sudden, unilateral abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

• Pelvic examination: Ovarian tenderness or swelling

• Imaging methods:

  • Ultrasound: May show ovarian enlargement, cysts, or decreased blood flow

  • Doppler ultrasound: Used to assess blood circulation

• Laboratory tests: Supportive in diagnosis, showing infection or inflammation markers

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz ensures rapid diagnosis and treatment planning in emergency cases.

Treatment Methods for Ovarian Torsion

Ovarian torsion requires urgent surgical intervention to preserve ovarian tissue. Treatment options include:

1. Laparoscopic Surgery

• Minimally invasive technique to untwist the ovary

• Aims to preserve ovarian tissue

• Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz provides safe and rapid intervention with laparoscopy

2. Laparotomy

• In some cases, open surgery may be necessary

• Preferred for large cysts, tumors, or complications

3. Ovarian Resection

• If the ovarian tissue is irreversibly damaged

• Partial or total removal of the ovary may be required

Modern Approaches in Ovarian Torsion Surgery

Today, ovarian torsion surgery is most often performed laparoscopically. Minimally invasive surgery allows faster recovery, less pain, and reduced complication risks. During laparoscopy, ovarian ligaments and tissue are preserved whenever possible, and the underlying cause such as a cyst is removed. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz ensures safe intervention and supports rapid return to normal life.

Ovarian Torsion and Pregnancy

Ovarian torsion may also occur during pregnancy. Especially in the first trimester, hormonal changes and ovarian enlargement increase the risk. Laparoscopic surgery can be safely performed during pregnancy, but the plan is made considering the condition of both mother and baby.

Recurrent Risk of Ovarian Torsion

In some women, ovarian torsion can recur. Those with ovarian cysts, long ligaments, or a history of torsion are at higher risk. Recurrent torsion may threaten ovarian function, so regular ultrasound monitoring is essential. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz evaluates these risks and offers preventive surgical options and follow-up plans.

Ovarian Torsion and Fertility

If left untreated, ovarian torsion can cause permanent ovarian damage, reducing fertility potential. When ovarian tissue is preserved surgically, chances of pregnancy remain high. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz prioritizes ovarian preservation, especially in women planning to conceive, and takes all necessary precautions.

Prevention and Lifestyle Recommendations

Although ovarian torsion cannot be fully prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk:

• Regular monitoring of ovarian cysts

• Routine pelvic examinations

• Avoiding sudden abdominal trauma

• Regular follow-ups after gynecological surgeries

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz identifies at-risk patients and provides preventive measures and monitoring to avoid complications.

Ovarian Torsion and Quality of Life

Ovarian torsion is not only a physical but also a psychological challenge. Sudden pain, emergency surgery, and uncertainty may cause stress and anxiety in women. Emotional support after surgery improves overall quality of life. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz ensures that her patients receive not only surgical care but also a safe and informative recovery process.

Emergency Situations and Immediate Action

Women experiencing sudden, severe lower abdominal pain with nausea or vomiting should consult a gynecologist without delay. Since ovarian torsion requires urgent surgery, any delay may result in loss of ovarian tissue. Patients should not wait at home but seek immediate medical assistance.

Post-Surgery Care for Ovarian Torsion

Recovery after surgery is crucial. Patients should avoid heavy physical activity for the recommended period and continue prescribed medications under medical supervision. Regular ultrasound examinations help monitor ovarian function. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Korkmaz provides detailed post-operative advice and minimizes complication risks during follow-up care.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can ovarian torsion occur at any age?

• Yes, but it is most common between ages 15 and 30.

What happens if ovarian torsion is left untreated?

• Ovarian tissue may be lost, leading to severe pelvic pain and complications.

Can ovarian function return after surgery?

• In most cases, ovarian function can be preserved, but it depends on the extent of damage.