What are the Causes of Recurrent Miscarriage?

One of the most important problems faced by couples waiting to have children is the risk of miscarriage. The possibility of recurrence, its causes and how to ensure that the next pregnancy is healthy are the questions we are trying to answer.

Despite the dizzying advances in medicine, the limited treatment on the subject is enough to emphasize the importance of the problem.abortion Regardless of the number of weeks and stage, it is a disturbing condition that disturbs family members and doctors. Among these, recurrent miscarriage (recurrent habitual miscarriage) can be problematic.

Abortion (Miscarriage)

Losing the baby before the 20th week of pregnancy is called miscarriage. In fact, 30% of pregnancies lead to miscarriage, and most of these are miscarriages that are not felt before pregnancy. Miscarriages lasting 3 weeks or longer within 20 weeksrecurrent miscarriageIt is called.

Follow-up plan during pregnancy and birth; It should be created by evaluating the medical history of the expectant mother, the week of pregnancy, findings about the baby, and the conditions of the center where the birth will take place [1][2].

not verified as a practicepregnancy lossesIt is called biochemical loss. There is a loss before the ultrasound image is taken. After ultrasound monitoring of pregnancy, the probability of miscarriage is 15%. A woman has a 25% chance of miscarriage in her lifetime.

Early Pregnancy Loss!

It is the name given to miscarriages that occur before the 13th week of pregnancy. It usually occurs in the first three months of pregnancy. More than 50% of early pregnancy miscarriages are caused by random chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus without recurrent features. In short, it can be said that it is nature's protection mechanism against bad products.

The decision on the method of birth is not based on a single criterion; It should be given taking into account the safety of the mother and baby, previous birth history and current examination findings [2][3].

Because of this abnormal result, older women are also at increased risk of miscarriage. There are also some systemic diseases that cannot be controlled in pregnant women.recurrent miscarriagesmay cause. Thyroid disease, diabetes, infections, medications, certain chemicals, radiation anesthetic gas exposure can also cause miscarriage.

What are the factors that cause miscarriage?

Contrary to popular belief, physical exercise, travel, sexual activity and walking do not cause miscarriages. There is no need for any restrictions when there are no serious risks. The most important symptoms of threatened miscarriage are pain, bleeding and cramps. It may occur in the form of bleeding or it may be severe. However, any bleeding that may occur during pregnancy must be controlled by a doctor.

Symptoms that occur during pregnancy do not always have the same meaning; In cases such as bleeding, severe pain, regular contractions or decreased baby movements, evaluation is required without delay [1][3].

While investigating the cause of miscarriage, in addition to general physical examination, gynecological examination and ultrasound examinations, uterine film, uterine cavity biopsy, genetic examination of the miscarriage area are also requested and, if possible, immune system research is also required.You have recurring miscarriagesIf there is, you should definitely investigate the reasons.

Antibody for Miscarriage

Antibodies are complex structures produced by the body's defense system and used in battle. However, sometimes antibodies are produced against normal tissues of the body.recurrent miscarriages15 out of every 100 women with this disease have a certain type of antibody. These structures, called anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL), can cause miscarriage.

In the postpartum period, physical recovery, mental status, breastfeeding and infection findings should be monitored together [1].

The incidence of APL is as high as 2% among women who give birth normally. Statistics show that if there is a high aPL and a history of recurrent miscarriage, the chance of a successful new pregnancy is 1/10. Causes include chromosomal diseases of the parents, some problems in the uterus, myomas and congenital structural disorders.

Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone that stimulates breast milk production. It is secreted from the frontal lobes of a gland called the pituitary gland under the brain. In some women, the secretion of this hormone exceeds normal levels. In this case, the patient's ovulation pattern and menstrual cycle are disrupted. Recurrent miscarriages are also common in these patients. However, causality cannot be established. Perhaps these two situations together are the manifestation of another problem. Miscarriages decrease with the correction of hyperprolactinemia.

Cysts That Cause Miscarriage!

During ultrasound examination, many cystic structures arranged like pearls on the surface of the ovary can be seen. These are actually smaller than normal oocysts, called follicles. Therefore, the name of the cyst is actually a misnomer and a pathological condition.cystIt is considered as a medical condition and patients do not need to worry. Hormonal imbalances and ovulation problems are common.

References

• [1] WHO - Recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience- International recommendations for pregnancy monitoring, counseling and safe follow-up.
• [2] WHO - Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience- Guide for the birth process, birth support and safe care principles.
• [3] ACOG - Clinical Guidance: Obstetrics- Clinical guide archive for pregnancy, birth and women's health practices.