Myoma Treatment

Myoma Treatment, also known as fibroids, is a treatment method for a common problem that affects women over the age of 35. A myoma can be explained as a benign tumor that develops from the muscle layer of the uterus. Although the exact causes of myoma formation are not fully understood, it is known that female hormones (estrogen) may contribute to the growth of fibroids.

Myomas can be seen in women of all age groups, but they are most commonly found in women over the age of 35. They occur much less frequently in women during menopause. Myomas can occur in different parts of the uterus, in various sizes, and in varying numbers. For this reason, each woman needs to be evaluated individually. While myomas can cause symptoms, sometimes they show no symptoms at all, and a person may not even be aware that they have them.

What Are the Symptoms of Myomas in the Uterus?

Myomas do not always cause complaints. They may be incidentally detected on ultrasound when the patient is being examined for another issue. Large myomas may cause symptoms such as excessive bleeding, pain in the pelvis and lower back, constipation, or frequent urination. Especially depending on the location of the myoma, the symptoms may vary.

In myomas inside the uterus (submucosal myomas), excessive or frequent bleeding is more common, while in myomas that grow outward from the uterine wall (intramural myomas), pressure complaints on the intestines or bladder are more common. Subserosal myomas usually do not cause bleeding problems, but large ones can cause complaints due to pressure on surrounding tissues. Depending on their location, some myomas may prevent pregnancy or delay conception.

Submucosal Myoma; This type of myoma is located on the inner side of the uterus. These myomas usually cause severe bleeding during menstruation and extend the duration of the period. Additionally, due to the intense bleeding caused by these myomas, they can also lead to anemia.

Intramural Myoma; Located in the middle part of the uterus, this myoma is the most common type. Intramural myomas rarely cause excessive bleeding or prolonged menstruation. However, they can lead to infertility and recurrent miscarriages. If there are more than three myomas larger than 4 cm, they may cause repeated miscarriages, failure of IVF treatments, and surgical intervention may be necessary.

Subserosal Myoma; Unlike other myomas, subserosal myomas are located on the outer side of the uterus. This type of myoma does not cause heavy bleeding or extend the duration of the period, but it may cause problems such as frequent urination, constipation, and indigestion due to pressure on other abdominal organs.

How is Myoma Treatment Performed?

Surgical Myoma Treatment is the definitive solution to this problem. Surgical treatment options include laparotomy (open surgery), laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery), or hysteroscopy (reaching myomas inside the uterus through the vagina and cervix with the help of a telescope). On the other hand, surgical treatment is not recommended for everyone. Patients who have complaints that negatively affect their daily life and health and do not respond to drug treatment, those with myomas associated with pregnancy difficulties, or those suspected of having a cancerous mass may opt for surgical myoma treatment.

In almost every surgery, only the myomas are removed, and the rest of the uterus is left intact. In cases where the patient is not considering having children, is older in age, or where myomectomy is difficult or impossible, a hysterectomy may be required.

What Should Be Taken into Account After Myoma Treatment?

After myoma treatment in the uterus, it is important to know that myomas may recur over time, and regular follow-up with ultrasound is recommended. Additionally, patients who have undergone surgical treatment should be aware that, in the case of pregnancy, a cesarean section may be required, and there may be a risk of uterine rupture during pregnancy.

Types of Myomas Based on Their Location

Doctors make distinctions between different types of myomas based on their origin in the uterus and the direction in which they grow.

Subserosal Myoma

It is located outside the uterus and grows outward from the muscle layer of the uterine wall. Menstrual irregularities are not related to these myomas. Sometimes, hidden fibroids may be observed, which can lead to pain and complications.

Intramural Myoma

Here, the myoma grows within the muscle layer of the uterus. This type of myoma is the most common.

Transmural Myoma

In this case, the myoma develops through all layers of the uterus.

Submucosal Myoma

This rare type of myoma usually grows from the muscle layer of the uterus towards the endometrium. It often causes bleeding problems.

Intraligamentary Myoma

This type of myoma grows beside the uterus.

Cervical Myoma

This is a relatively rare type of myoma that develops in the muscle layer of the cervix.

Myoma and Pregnancy

Generally, a myoma in the uterus does not pose an obstacle to pregnancy. Infertility occurs only in rare cases if the myoma is located in front of the fallopian tubes. During pregnancy, a myoma can cause various problems. Since myomas are estrogen-dependent tumors, they tend to grow faster during pregnancy as the body produces more sex hormones. However, sometimes a cesarean section may be required, or premature labor may occur. Myomas can reduce the risk of miscarriage. Since they do not pose a risk to pregnancy, myoma treatment can be preferred with peace of mind.

For information on the treatment of myomas, you can also read our article What is Myomectomy? .

What is Myoma in the Uterus?

A myoma in the uterus is a benign tumor that forms in the muscle layer of the uterus. Myomas are commonly seen in women of reproductive age, and most of the time they do not cause symptoms. However, as their size increases or their location in the uterus affects an important area, symptoms may appear.

What Are the Symptoms of Myomas?

Myomas usually do not cause symptoms, but their size and location can determine the symptoms. Symptoms of myomas include excessive and painful menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, lower back pain, frequent urination, constipation, and infertility. If one or more of these symptoms occur, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.

What is a Submucosal Myoma?

Submucosal myomas are a type of myoma that develops in the inner layer of the uterus, the endometrium. These myomas typically cause excessive bleeding during menstruation and pelvic pain. This type of myoma accounts for 5% of all myomas and can lead to infertility issues.

What is the Difference Between Myomas and Cysts?

Myomas and cysts are benign tumors that occur in different parts of the female reproductive system. While myomas occur in the uterus, cysts are usually found in the ovaries. Both can cause similar symptoms, so it is important to consult a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis.

How Are Myomas Treated?

Myomas generally do not require treatment if they do not cause symptoms. However, if symptoms occur or if the myomas grow large, treatment options include medication, minimally invasive procedures, and surgical intervention. The most appropriate treatment option depends on factors such as the size, number, location of the myomas, and the patient's overall health.

This article is for general informational purposes and does not replace medical advice. Individuals experiencing any symptoms should consult a healthcare professional.

Painful Menstrual Bleeding and Myomas

Since myomas are benign tumors that develop in the muscle layer of the uterus, they can cause painful menstrual bleeding as they grow or affect a specific area of the uterus. This symptom is typically associated with submucosal myomas because this type of myoma is located in the inner layer of the uterus, the endometrium. Additionally, the size and location of the myomas can also determine the severity of the pain.

Pelvic Pain and Pressure Caused by Myomas

As myomas grow, they can cause pain or a feeling of pressure in the pelvic region. This symptom is generally related to the size and location of the myoma. The size and location of the myoma determine its effect on pelvic organs. This situation may also lead to other symptoms such as frequent urination or constipation.

Submucosal Myomas and Infertility

Submucosal myomas develop in the inner layer of the uterus, the endometrium, and may cause pregnancy-related issues. Especially large submucosal myomas can alter the shape of the uterus, making it more difficult for a fertilized egg to implant. This can lead to infertility or increase the risk of miscarriage.

Myomas and Cysts: Medical Evaluation for Accurate Diagnosis

Myomas and cysts may present similar symptoms. However, these benign tumors occur in different parts of the female reproductive system. Myomas occur in the uterus, while cysts are typically found in the ovaries. It is important for individuals experiencing any symptoms to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.