Ectopıc Pregnancy Treatment
Ectopic pregnancy treatment refers to the medical and surgical interventions applied when the pregnancy sac forms outside the uterus. This condition frequently occurs in the fallopian tubes and, if left untreated, can lead to serious health issues. If detected early, the pregnancy can be terminated using a medication called methotrexate. This drug stops the growth of the embryo and naturally terminates the pregnancy. However, if the ectopic pregnancy progresses, surgical intervention may be necessary. Part or all of the fallopian tube may need to be removed, and these operations are typically performed through laparoscopy. The surgical procedure may vary depending on the patient's condition and the stage of the pregnancy.
What is an Ectopic Pregnancy?
This abnormal type of pregnancy can affect the future fertility of the expectant mother and, if not diagnosed early, may result in fatal complications. Therefore, it must be treated with the right method at the right time. When ectopic pregnancy is suspected, both a physical examination and blood tests to measure pregnancy hormone levels (beta-hCG) are conducted. Additionally, ultrasound is used to assess the location of the pregnancy sac within the uterus. In most cases, the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy can be made immediately after examination and testing.
Ectopic pregnancy treatment should be implemented immediately after detection, utilizing methods such as observation, surgical intervention, or medication. One of the most modern and advanced surgical methods is laparoscopic surgery, which is often the first choice for young women who wish to conceive again, provided the conditions are suitable.
How is Ectopic Pregnancy Treated?
Ectopic pregnancy treatment can be carried out in two ways:
Medical Treatment: The drug methotrexate is used for medical treatment. The administration of methotrexate is based on several factors, including the level of pregnancy hormones, the size of the pregnancy sac, the presence of an embryo heartbeat, and whether the fallopian tube has ruptured. The medication works by stopping the growth of the pregnancy tissue and causing it to be absorbed, thereby ending the pregnancy.
Medical treatment can be applied for ectopic pregnancies detected early and before bleeding begins. Methotrexate is administered as a single injection. Before receiving methotrexate, blood tests are conducted to measure hCG levels and assess the function of certain organs. If hCG levels do not decrease sufficiently after the first dose, an additional dose of methotrexate may be given. Methotrexate is not given to women who are breastfeeding or have liver problems.
Surgical Treatment: Ectopic pregnancy surgery is typically performed using laparoscopy. Alternatively, open surgery may be used to remove the ectopic pregnancy tissue.
Symptoms Requiring Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment
Ectopic pregnancies are most commonly seen in women between the ages of 20 and 30 and occur in about 2% of pregnancies today. In the early stages, it may not show any symptoms, and even if symptoms appear, they can be mistaken for other conditions or normal pregnancy. Later stages may lead to abdominal or pelvic pain, fallopian tube ruptures, and bleeding. Although the symptoms resemble those of normal pregnancy, some distinguishing signs appear.
These symptoms are not unique to ectopic pregnancy. They include vaginal bleeding, one-sided lower abdominal pain, delayed menstruation, shoulder pain, a positive pregnancy test, fainting, nausea, and dizziness, with severity depending on the extent of the ectopic pregnancy.
One of the first noticeable signs is abnormal menstrual bleeding, which differs from normal periods. Women who have experienced normal pregnancies may recognize these symptoms more easily. The growing pregnancy in the tube may cause pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis due to fallopian tube rupture or blood leakage into the abdominal cavity. The pain is sharp and localized to either the right or left lower abdomen and can spread throughout the abdomen and to the shoulders. Dizziness and fainting may occur, depending on the extent of internal bleeding.
Causes of Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg attaches to a fallopian tube or another location instead of moving into the uterus. If the fallopian tube is damaged, deformed, or blocked, the egg may get stuck. These factors make ectopic pregnancy treatment necessary.
Who is at Risk?
- Women who are pregnant
- Overweight or obese individuals
- Individuals who have recently undergone hip or back surgery
- People with diabetes, as they are seven times more likely to experience nerve damage related to diabetes
- Women between the ages of 30 and 60
- People who wear heavy belts for work
How is Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosed?
To diagnose ectopic pregnancy, a doctor will ask about symptoms and perform a physical examination. Questions about other possible conditions, medications taken, and any recent surgeries will be asked, along with inquiries about lifestyle factors such as wearing a tight belt or corset. If the diagnosis cannot be confirmed through symptoms and medical history, additional tests may be recommended, including:
- Imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs to produce images of the hips
- Nerve conduction tests to detect damaged nerves using electrical impulses
- EMG tests to measure the electrical activity in the muscles surrounding the hips
What Happens if Ectopic Pregnancy is Not Treated?
If left untreated, ectopic pregnancy can lead to serious health issues. First, the growing embryo may stretch the fallopian tube, causing internal bleeding and severe pain. If the fallopian tube ruptures, the resulting bleeding can be life-threatening. Additionally, untreated ectopic pregnancy can jeopardize future fertility as the fallopian tube may be damaged or lost entirely. Immediate medical intervention is necessary when signs of shock and internal bleeding occur, as it poses a significant risk to the mother's life. Therefore, seeking medical help immediately when ectopic pregnancy is suspected is critical.
Is Abortion Necessary for Ectopic Pregnancy?
Ectopic pregnancies pose significant health risks to both the mother and the fetus, and unfortunately, the fetus has no chance of survival. As the embryo grows, it increases the risk of fallopian tube rupture and internal bleeding, making abortion necessary in most ectopic pregnancy cases. Abortion is typically performed surgically or with medication in these cases. During surgery, the embryo is removed, and the fallopian tubes are repaired. If detected early, drugs like methotrexate can stop the embryo’s growth, allowing the body to absorb it. In conclusion, abortion is often a necessary treatment option to protect the mother’s health in ectopic pregnancies.
How Long Does Ectopic Pregnancy Injection Treatment Last?
The treatment duration depends on the patient's condition and the effectiveness of the treatment. Generally, the patient is evaluated a week after the first injection. During this time, pregnancy hormone (hCG) levels are monitored. If hCG levels do not drop sufficiently, a second dose of methotrexate may be considered, extending the treatment by several days. Treatment usually lasts between 1 and 2 weeks, although it may take longer in some cases.
During treatment, patients are monitored for side effects and complications. Abdominal pain, bleeding, or other symptoms may require hospital visits. Patients reduce the need for surgical intervention when ectopic pregnancies are detected early. After treatment, regular check-ups are necessary for a certain period.
At What Stage is Ectopic Pregnancy Dangerous?
Between the 4th and 12th weeks, the embryo grows and may stretch the fallopian tubes, leading to ruptures. A rupture can cause internal bleeding and life-threatening conditions. Severe abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, shoulder pain, and fainting are all symptoms of ectopic pregnancy. Immediate medical intervention is required if these symptoms are noticed. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to reduce risks and protect the mother's health. Therefore, regular doctor visits and ultrasound examinations during pregnancy are critical.
Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment Costs 2025
Ectopic pregnancy treatment is crucial for the health of the expectant mother, and costs can vary based on various factors. In 2025, the cost of ectopic pregnancy treatment will depend on the treatment method, its duration, and the patient's condition.
Early diagnosis and treatment are beneficial for both health and financial reasons. For more information and to determine the best treatment option for your situation, feel free to contact us.