Cervical Cancer During Pregnancy

Cervical cancer during pregnancyIt is among the most common types of cancer in pregnant women. 1/3 of women diagnosed with this condition are pregnant or in the postpartum period. On the other hand, half of the cases are diagnosed before birth. Diagnosis can also be made 12 months after birth.

Cancer diagnoses made during pregnancy often reveal themselves at an early stage. The most important reason for this is that it is an important part of routine examination. If it is done during pregnancy, miscarriage will not occur.

The uterus is the place where the fetus completes its development. It is approximately 7.5 in size and 3 cm thick. It consists of three layers and occurs on the endometrium layer. In addition to external factors, it can also manifest itself as a result of hormonal disorders.

Cervical Cancer Symptoms

What causes cervical cancer?There are many risk factors for. These are briefly examined as follows;

In cervical screening, Pap smear and HPV-based tests help detect precancerous cellular changes at an early stage [1][3].

1. HPV infection
2. First sexual intercourse at an early age
3. Having more than one partner in sexual intercourse
4. cigarette consumption
5. Eating habits, consuming less fruits and vegetables
6. Having high fertility
7. Low socio-economic level
8. Taking birth control pills for more than 5 years

Cervical cancer has a number of symptoms.Symptoms of cervical cancer during pregnancyIt can manifest itself as follows;

1. Experiencing pain during sexual intercourse
2. Abnormal bleeding in the vagina after sexual intercourse
3. Appetite and weight loss
4. Fatigue
5. Pain in the genital area, back and legs
6. Pain during urination
7. Swelling in one leg

For cervical cancer, you should see a gynecologist and have regular check-ups.

What Causes Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer is examined in two main groups according to the status of the cancerous cells. The first of these is Squamous Cell Cancer, and 80 percent of cases are of this type. Tumors are located in multilinear cells and are usually associated with HPV.

Screening frequency and follow-up plan; should be determined based on age, HPV status, previous test results, and personal risk factors [2][3].

The second type is Adenocarcinoma and is located in the area from the cervix to the uterus. It is an aggressive type and is found in column-shaped cells that secrete mucus. Both are divided into four stages according to tumor size and spread;

1. Stage: The tumor is small, 4 cm, and is only in the cervix. It is the best time for surgical intervention.
2. Stage: At this stage, the tumor reaches the soft tissue around the cervix and the vaginal dome.
3. Stage: In this stage, tumors reach the lower part of the vagina, pelvic side walls, and neighboring lymph nodes.
4. Stage: It is the most advanced stage of cervical cancer. Here it spreads to other areas such as the liver, bones, and rectum.

Why does cervical cancer occur?When we look at the question, it is seen that those who have HPV infection stand out in the risk groups. People with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, have a higher risk of contracting it due to their low immunity.

People with Chlamydia infection are also among the risk groups for cervical cancer. This infection is transmitted sexually and is a bacterium. If there is a history of cervical cancer in the family, this is also a reason for its occurrence.

Cervical Cancer Vaccine

Cervical Cancer vaccineIt is carried out within the scope of HPV vaccine. On the other hand, it is among the vaccines that are not recommended for pregnant women. There is not yet enough research on its effects on babies. Current information recommends starting vaccinations after the end of pregnancy.

An abnormal test result alone does not mean cancer; Depending on the type of result, repeat testing, colposcopy, or close follow-up may be required [2].

HPV vaccineIt provides protection against 4 types of viruses. Although it is not known how long it maintains its effect, it is known that it continues for at least 5 years. The vaccine is administered in 3 doses over a 6-month period. The earliest age for it to be performed is 9, and it can be applied to young girls between the ages of 12 and 26.

Can Uterine Cancer Get Pregnant?

Uterine cancer is among the most common gynecological cancers. It is known that among all cancers, it is the 4th most common in women. The first three of these are breast, colorectal and lung cancer. It is possible to get rid of it if it is diagnosed and treated quickly.

In HPV-related cases, vaccination, screening and follow-up examination are considered as preventive health steps that complement each other [1][3].

Thus, after the cancer is regressed, it is also possible for the patient to become pregnant. The following methods are used for diagnosis:

1. Vaginal Ultrasound: Used to determine possible abnormalities and uterine wall thickness.
2. Hysteroscopy: A flexible, thin and long tube is inserted into the uterus. A detailed examination is performed with a fiber optic camera. Tissue samples can be taken if necessary.
3. Endometrial Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken from the uterus to make a definitive diagnosis.
4. Dilatation and Curettage: If biopsy does not provide a definitive diagnosis, special tools are used to make the diagnosis in the operating room.
5. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance: These are among the methods that can be used to diagnose uterine cancer.

Cervical cancer treatmentIt is implemented using different methods. The most commonly used method is surgery. However, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy can also be used.

Is Cervical Cancer Deadly?

Cervical cancer is seen in many women. It is especially encountered in women between the ages of 30 and 50. Women who are sexually active are at serious risk. Despite early diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment methods, it is among the killer cancers.

Is cervical cancer fatal?The question is answered positively. Because it is among the deadliest cancers in the world in terms of mortality rates. Therefore, early diagnosis, diagnosis and appropriate treatment must be carried out quickly and effectively.

References

• [1] WHO - Cervical pre-cancer screening guideline- Current guidance for HPV DNA-based screening and management of cervical precancer.
• [2] ACOG - Screening for Cervical Cancer- Clinical guidance on cervical cancer screening options by age and risk status.
• [3] CDC - HPV and Cervical Cancer Screening- Patient information source about Pap test, HPV test and regular screening.